TY - JOUR
T1 - Autotaxin structure-activity relationships revealed through lysophosphatidylcholine analogs
AU - North, E. Jeffrey
AU - Osborne, Daniel A.
AU - Bridson, Peter K.
AU - Baker, Daniel L.
AU - Parrill, Abby L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01 HL 084007) for their financial support and the National Science Foundation (NSF CHE 0443627, NSF CHE 0619682) for their financial aid in the acquisition of a Varian 500 MHz NMR and a Thermoelectron LTQ-XL LC-MS.
Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009/5/1
Y1 - 2009/5/1
N2 - Autotaxin (ATX) catalyzes the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to form the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA stimulates cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration and is involved in obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, atherosclerosis and various cancers, suggesting that ATX inhibitors have broad therapeutic potential. Product feedback inhibition of ATX by LPA has stimulated structure-activity studies focused on LPA analogs. However, LPA displays mixed mode inhibition, indicating that it can bind to both the enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. This suggests that LPA may not interact solely with the catalytic site. In this report we have prepared LPC analogs to help map out substrate structure-activity relationships. The structural variances include length and unsaturation of the fatty tail, choline and polar linker presence, acyl versus ether linkage of the hydrocarbon chain, and methylene and nitrogen replacement of the choline oxygen. All LPC analogs were assayed in competition with the synthetic substrate, FS-3, to show the preference ATX has for each alteration. Choline presence and methylene replacement of the choline oxygen were detrimental to ATX recognition. These findings provide insights into the structure of the enzyme in the vicinity of the catalytic site as well as suggesting that ATX produces rate enhancement, at least in part, by substrate destabilization.
AB - Autotaxin (ATX) catalyzes the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to form the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA stimulates cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration and is involved in obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, atherosclerosis and various cancers, suggesting that ATX inhibitors have broad therapeutic potential. Product feedback inhibition of ATX by LPA has stimulated structure-activity studies focused on LPA analogs. However, LPA displays mixed mode inhibition, indicating that it can bind to both the enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. This suggests that LPA may not interact solely with the catalytic site. In this report we have prepared LPC analogs to help map out substrate structure-activity relationships. The structural variances include length and unsaturation of the fatty tail, choline and polar linker presence, acyl versus ether linkage of the hydrocarbon chain, and methylene and nitrogen replacement of the choline oxygen. All LPC analogs were assayed in competition with the synthetic substrate, FS-3, to show the preference ATX has for each alteration. Choline presence and methylene replacement of the choline oxygen were detrimental to ATX recognition. These findings provide insights into the structure of the enzyme in the vicinity of the catalytic site as well as suggesting that ATX produces rate enhancement, at least in part, by substrate destabilization.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.030
DO - 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.030
M3 - Article
C2 - 19345587
AN - SCOPUS:65249150814
VL - 17
SP - 3433
EP - 3442
JO - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry
SN - 0968-0896
IS - 9
ER -