TY - JOUR
T1 - Catching Up on Multilevel Modeling
AU - Hoffman, Lesa
AU - Walters, Ryan W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This review focuses on the use of multilevel models in psychology and other social sciences. We target readers who are catching up on current best practices and sources of controversy in the specification of multilevel models. We first describe common use cases for clustered, longitudinal, and cross-classified designs, as well as their combinations. Using examples from both clustered and longitudinal designs, we then address issues of centering for observed predictor variables: its use in creating interpretable fixed and random effects of predictors, its relationship to endogeneity problems (correlations between predictors and model error terms), and its translation into multivariate multilevel models (using latent-centering within multilevel structural equation models). Finally, we describe novel extensions mdash mixed-effects location-scale models mdash designed for predicting differential amounts of variability.
AB - This review focuses on the use of multilevel models in psychology and other social sciences. We target readers who are catching up on current best practices and sources of controversy in the specification of multilevel models. We first describe common use cases for clustered, longitudinal, and cross-classified designs, as well as their combinations. Using examples from both clustered and longitudinal designs, we then address issues of centering for observed predictor variables: its use in creating interpretable fixed and random effects of predictors, its relationship to endogeneity problems (correlations between predictors and model error terms), and its translation into multivariate multilevel models (using latent-centering within multilevel structural equation models). Finally, we describe novel extensions mdash mixed-effects location-scale models mdash designed for predicting differential amounts of variability.
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-103525
DO - 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-103525
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34982593
AN - SCOPUS:85122679401
VL - 73
SP - 659
EP - 689
JO - Annual Review of Psychology
JF - Annual Review of Psychology
SN - 0066-4308
ER -