TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterizing Underlying Cognitive Components of ADHD Presentations and Co-morbid Diagnoses
T2 - A Diffusion Decision Model Analysis
AU - Ging-Jehli, Nadja R.
AU - Arnold, L. Eugene
AU - Roley-Roberts, Michelle E.
AU - deBeus, Roger
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: N.R. Ging-Jehli received research funding from SNSF and neurocognitive tests from testmakers. L.E. Arnold received research funding from Curemark, Forest, Lilly, Neuropharm, Novartis, Noven, Shire, Supernus, Roche, and YoungLiving (as well as NIH and Autism Speaks), has consulted with Gowlings, Neuropharm, Organon, Pfizer, Sigma Tau, Shire, Tris Pharma, and Waypoint, and been on advisory boards for Arbor, Ironshore, Novartis, Noven, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Seaside Therapeutics, Sigma Tau, Shire. M.E. Roley-Roberts has no potential conflict of interest pertaining to this Journal's submission. R. deBeus received research funding from NIMH; he is on the Board of Directors for the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research and has a clinic in NC where he performs neurofeedback and other clinical services.
Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation #P1SKP1_184033; National Institute of Mental Health grant #R01-MH100144, by Ohio State University College of Medicine Endowment, and by Clinical and Translational Science award 8UL18TR000090-05 from the National Center for Translational Sciences.
Publisher Copyright:
© ©The Author(s) 2021.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Objective: To Explore whether subtypes and comorbidities of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) induce distinct biases in cognitive components involved in information processing. Method: Performance on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) was compared between 150 children (aged 7 to 10) with ADHD, grouped by DSM-5 presentation (ADHD-C, ADHD-I) or co-morbid diagnoses (anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], both, neither), and 60 children without ADHD. Diffusion decision modeling decomposed performance into cognitive components. Results: Children with ADHD had poorer information integration than controls. Children with ADHD-C were more sensitive to changes in presentation modality (auditory/visual) than those with ADHD-I and controls. Above and beyond these results, children with ADHD+anxiety+ODD had larger increases in response biases when targets became frequent than children with ADHD-only or with ADHD and one comorbidity. Conclusion: ADHD presentations and comorbidities have distinct cognitive characteristics quantifiable using DDM and IVA-CPT. We discuss implications for tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy.
AB - Objective: To Explore whether subtypes and comorbidities of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) induce distinct biases in cognitive components involved in information processing. Method: Performance on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) was compared between 150 children (aged 7 to 10) with ADHD, grouped by DSM-5 presentation (ADHD-C, ADHD-I) or co-morbid diagnoses (anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], both, neither), and 60 children without ADHD. Diffusion decision modeling decomposed performance into cognitive components. Results: Children with ADHD had poorer information integration than controls. Children with ADHD-C were more sensitive to changes in presentation modality (auditory/visual) than those with ADHD-I and controls. Above and beyond these results, children with ADHD+anxiety+ODD had larger increases in response biases when targets became frequent than children with ADHD-only or with ADHD and one comorbidity. Conclusion: ADHD presentations and comorbidities have distinct cognitive characteristics quantifiable using DDM and IVA-CPT. We discuss implications for tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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U2 - 10.1177/10870547211020087
DO - 10.1177/10870547211020087
M3 - Article
C2 - 34085557
AN - SCOPUS:85107127131
VL - 26
SP - 706
EP - 722
JO - Journal of Attention Disorders
JF - Journal of Attention Disorders
SN - 1087-0547
IS - 5
ER -