Abstract
Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4-i) are highly selective inhibitors of the enzyme DPP-4. They act by increasing levels of incretin hormones, which have potent effects on insulin and glucagon release, gastric emptying, and satiety. Our goal is to review the safety issues related to DPP-4-i.Areas covered: This review is based upon a PubMed search of the literature using keywords alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, DPP-4-i, glucagon-like polypeptide-1 agonists, as well as extensive personal clinical trial experience with each of these agents. The current DPP-4-i have very different chemical structures. Saxagliptin has significant cytochrome P450 metabolism and carries a risk of drug interactions. Linagliptin has primarily entero-hepatic excretion, a benefit in renally impaired patients. A concern arose related to congestive heart failure in the SAVOR TIMI trial of saxagliptin. Several major cardiac studies are underway, with two concluded. Despite lingering uncertainty related to pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, large randomized trials have not shown an increased risk with DPP-4-i treatment. Cutaneous adverse effects occur with a low frequency with some of these agents.Expert opinion: DPP-4-i are an additional choice in the group of anti-hyperglycemics. Their principal advantage is a low incidence of hypoglycemia, making these agents desirable in patients such as the elderly and those with cardiac disease. Several large trials have hinted at less cardiac risk with DPP-4-i than with sulfonylureas. The CAROLINA Trial comparing linagliptin and glimepiride may provide a conclusive answer to this question.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 127-140 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Expert Opinion on Drug Safety |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2015 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Pharmacology (medical)
- Medicine(all)
Cite this
DPP-4 inhibitors : Focus on safety. / Tella, Sri Harsha; Rendell, Marc S.
In: Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Vol. 14, No. 1, 01.01.2015, p. 127-140.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - DPP-4 inhibitors
T2 - Focus on safety
AU - Tella, Sri Harsha
AU - Rendell, Marc S.
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4-i) are highly selective inhibitors of the enzyme DPP-4. They act by increasing levels of incretin hormones, which have potent effects on insulin and glucagon release, gastric emptying, and satiety. Our goal is to review the safety issues related to DPP-4-i.Areas covered: This review is based upon a PubMed search of the literature using keywords alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, DPP-4-i, glucagon-like polypeptide-1 agonists, as well as extensive personal clinical trial experience with each of these agents. The current DPP-4-i have very different chemical structures. Saxagliptin has significant cytochrome P450 metabolism and carries a risk of drug interactions. Linagliptin has primarily entero-hepatic excretion, a benefit in renally impaired patients. A concern arose related to congestive heart failure in the SAVOR TIMI trial of saxagliptin. Several major cardiac studies are underway, with two concluded. Despite lingering uncertainty related to pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, large randomized trials have not shown an increased risk with DPP-4-i treatment. Cutaneous adverse effects occur with a low frequency with some of these agents.Expert opinion: DPP-4-i are an additional choice in the group of anti-hyperglycemics. Their principal advantage is a low incidence of hypoglycemia, making these agents desirable in patients such as the elderly and those with cardiac disease. Several large trials have hinted at less cardiac risk with DPP-4-i than with sulfonylureas. The CAROLINA Trial comparing linagliptin and glimepiride may provide a conclusive answer to this question.
AB - Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4-i) are highly selective inhibitors of the enzyme DPP-4. They act by increasing levels of incretin hormones, which have potent effects on insulin and glucagon release, gastric emptying, and satiety. Our goal is to review the safety issues related to DPP-4-i.Areas covered: This review is based upon a PubMed search of the literature using keywords alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, DPP-4-i, glucagon-like polypeptide-1 agonists, as well as extensive personal clinical trial experience with each of these agents. The current DPP-4-i have very different chemical structures. Saxagliptin has significant cytochrome P450 metabolism and carries a risk of drug interactions. Linagliptin has primarily entero-hepatic excretion, a benefit in renally impaired patients. A concern arose related to congestive heart failure in the SAVOR TIMI trial of saxagliptin. Several major cardiac studies are underway, with two concluded. Despite lingering uncertainty related to pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, large randomized trials have not shown an increased risk with DPP-4-i treatment. Cutaneous adverse effects occur with a low frequency with some of these agents.Expert opinion: DPP-4-i are an additional choice in the group of anti-hyperglycemics. Their principal advantage is a low incidence of hypoglycemia, making these agents desirable in patients such as the elderly and those with cardiac disease. Several large trials have hinted at less cardiac risk with DPP-4-i than with sulfonylureas. The CAROLINA Trial comparing linagliptin and glimepiride may provide a conclusive answer to this question.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84918528393&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1517/14740338.2015.977863
DO - 10.1517/14740338.2015.977863
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25488788
AN - SCOPUS:84918528393
VL - 14
SP - 127
EP - 140
JO - Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
JF - Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
SN - 1474-0338
IS - 1
ER -