TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunological basis in the pathogenesis and treatment of bladder cancer
AU - Thompson, David B.
AU - Siref, Larry E.
AU - Feloney, Michael P.
AU - Hauke, Ralph J.
AU - Agrawal, Devendra K.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health, USA to DK Agrawal. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Informa UK, Ltd.
Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - The pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium into bladder carcinoma are multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes initiation and progression of the underlying pathophysiology of invasive and metastatic cancer. A dichotomy is observed in the role of immune cells in bladder cancer. While the immune response defends the host by suppressing neoplastic growth, several immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes, promote tumor development and progression. The levels of human neutrophil peptide-1, -2 and -3, produced by neutrophils, increase in bladder cancer and might promote tumor angiogenesis and growth. The effect of macrophages is primarily mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, the underlying immunological mechanisms of two treatments, BCG and cytokine gene-modified tumor vaccines, and future directions are critically discussed.
AB - The pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium into bladder carcinoma are multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes initiation and progression of the underlying pathophysiology of invasive and metastatic cancer. A dichotomy is observed in the role of immune cells in bladder cancer. While the immune response defends the host by suppressing neoplastic growth, several immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes, promote tumor development and progression. The levels of human neutrophil peptide-1, -2 and -3, produced by neutrophils, increase in bladder cancer and might promote tumor angiogenesis and growth. The effect of macrophages is primarily mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, the underlying immunological mechanisms of two treatments, BCG and cytokine gene-modified tumor vaccines, and future directions are critically discussed.
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U2 - 10.1586/1744666X.2015.983082
DO - 10.1586/1744666X.2015.983082
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25391391
AN - SCOPUS:84921340375
VL - 11
SP - 265
EP - 279
JO - Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
JF - Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
SN - 1744-666X
IS - 2
ER -