Operative exposure and management of axillary vessel injuries

Introduction: Axillary vessel injuries are uncommon and challenging injuries encountered by trauma surgeons. Proximity of this vessel to other adjacent veins including the axillary vein, brachial plexus and the osseous structures of the shoulder and upper arm account for a large number of associated injuries. Materials and methods: Systematic review of the literature, with emphasis on the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of these injuries, incorporating the authors' experience. Conclusions: Although uncommon, axillary arterial injuries can result in significant morbidity, limb loss and mortality. Early diagnosis and timely repair of the artery leads to good outcomes.