Abstract
Creatine monohydrate (CM) is a nutritional supplement and an ergogenic aid for athletes. It appears to increase lean body mass, high-intensity power output and strength in healthy humans. The crystal structure of creatine monohydrate has previously been reported. However, little information is available on its solid-state properties. In this investigation, creatine monohydrate was subjected to Thermal Analyses, Karl-Fisccher Titrimetry (KFT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Variable Temperature X-ray Powder Diffractometry (VTXRD) to characterize its solidstate properties. The results of this study suggested that commercially available creatine monohydrate dehydrates at about 97-125°C. A phase transition after dehydration was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. This dehydrated phase at a temperature above 230°C undergoes intramolecular cyclization with a loss of an additional mole of water to form creatinine. Creatinine finally melts with decomposition at about 290°C. VTXRD, confirmed that the above solid-state thermal transformation was kinetically driven, and occurred within a narrow temperature range. Mass Spectrometric (MS) studies further indicated a possible dimerization of creatinine formed during the solid-state transformation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 708-718 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Volume | 91 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2002 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Molecular Medicine
- Chemistry(all)
- Organic Chemistry
- Drug Discovery
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Pharmacology
Cite this
Solid-state properties of creatine monohydrate. / Dash, Alekha K.; Mo, Yoonsun; Pyne, Abira.
In: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 91, No. 3, 2002, p. 708-718.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Solid-state properties of creatine monohydrate
AU - Dash, Alekha K.
AU - Mo, Yoonsun
AU - Pyne, Abira
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Creatine monohydrate (CM) is a nutritional supplement and an ergogenic aid for athletes. It appears to increase lean body mass, high-intensity power output and strength in healthy humans. The crystal structure of creatine monohydrate has previously been reported. However, little information is available on its solid-state properties. In this investigation, creatine monohydrate was subjected to Thermal Analyses, Karl-Fisccher Titrimetry (KFT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Variable Temperature X-ray Powder Diffractometry (VTXRD) to characterize its solidstate properties. The results of this study suggested that commercially available creatine monohydrate dehydrates at about 97-125°C. A phase transition after dehydration was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. This dehydrated phase at a temperature above 230°C undergoes intramolecular cyclization with a loss of an additional mole of water to form creatinine. Creatinine finally melts with decomposition at about 290°C. VTXRD, confirmed that the above solid-state thermal transformation was kinetically driven, and occurred within a narrow temperature range. Mass Spectrometric (MS) studies further indicated a possible dimerization of creatinine formed during the solid-state transformation.
AB - Creatine monohydrate (CM) is a nutritional supplement and an ergogenic aid for athletes. It appears to increase lean body mass, high-intensity power output and strength in healthy humans. The crystal structure of creatine monohydrate has previously been reported. However, little information is available on its solid-state properties. In this investigation, creatine monohydrate was subjected to Thermal Analyses, Karl-Fisccher Titrimetry (KFT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Variable Temperature X-ray Powder Diffractometry (VTXRD) to characterize its solidstate properties. The results of this study suggested that commercially available creatine monohydrate dehydrates at about 97-125°C. A phase transition after dehydration was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. This dehydrated phase at a temperature above 230°C undergoes intramolecular cyclization with a loss of an additional mole of water to form creatinine. Creatinine finally melts with decomposition at about 290°C. VTXRD, confirmed that the above solid-state thermal transformation was kinetically driven, and occurred within a narrow temperature range. Mass Spectrometric (MS) studies further indicated a possible dimerization of creatinine formed during the solid-state transformation.
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U2 - 10.1002/jps.10073
DO - 10.1002/jps.10073
M3 - Article
VL - 91
SP - 708
EP - 718
JO - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
SN - 0022-3549
IS - 3
ER -