Stereotactic body radiotherapy vs radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Background: There are limited and discording results on the comparison between stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the two treatments in terms of efficacy and safety. Research design and methods: A bibliographic search was performed on main databases through September 2020. Primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Overall survival and adverse event rates were the secondary outcomes. Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) Results: Nine studies enrolling 6545 patients were included. Recurrence-free survival at 1-year was similar between the two treatments (OR 2.11, 0.67–6.63); recurrence-free survival at 2- and 3-year was significantly in favor of SBRT as compared to RFA (OR 2.06, 1.48–2.88 and 1.86, 1.07–3.26, respectively). In a meta-analysis of plotted HRs, SBRT significantly outperformed RFA (HR 0.50, 0.33–0.76, p = 0.001). Overall survival was similar between the two treatments (HR 1.03, 0.72–1.47). No significant difference in terms of severe adverse event rate was observed (OR 1.38, 0.28–6.71). Conclusions: SBRT prolongs recurrence-free survival as compared to RFA in HCC patients, although no significant survival benefit was demonstrated.