TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis and opioid activity of [D-Pro10]Dynorphin A-(1-11) analogues with N-terminal alkyl substitution
AU - Choi, Heekyung
AU - Murray, Thomas F.
AU - DeLander, Gary E.
AU - Schmidt, William K.
AU - Aldrich, Jane V.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1997/8/15
Y1 - 1997/8/15
N2 - Several N-terminal di- and monoalkylated derivatives of [D- Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) were synthesized in order to explore the structure-activity relationships for antagonist vs agonist activity at κ- opioid receptors. N,N-Dialkylated and N-monoalkylated (alkyl = allyl, benzyl, and cyclopropylmethyl (CPM)) tyrosine derivatives were prepared from tyrosine tert-butyl ester and the corresponding alkyl halides. [D-Pro10]Dyn A-(2- 11) was prepared by solid phase synthesis using Fmoc-protected amino acids, and the tyrosine derivatives were coupled to the peptide with BOP ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate). Both the degree of substitution and the identity of the alkyl group affected κ-receptor affinity, selectivity, and efficacy. All of the N-monoalkylated derivatives exhibited much higher affinity (K(i) <0.05 nM) for κ receptors in the guinea pig cerebellum and greatly enhanced κ-receptor selectivity (K(i) ratio (κ/μ) > 200) compared to the N,N-dialkyl [D-Pro10]Dyn A-(1- 11) analogues, although one disubstituted analogue, N,N-diCPM[D-Pro10]Dyn A-(1-11), retained high affinity (K(i) = 0.19 nM) for κ receptors. Thus the introduction of the second alkyl group at the N-terminus lowered κ-receptor affinity and selectivity. The N-allyl and N-CPM analogues were moderately potent agonists in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay, while the N-benzyl derivative was a weak agonist in this assay. In vivo in the phenylqninone abdominal stretching assay the N-CPM analogue exhibited potent antinociceptive activity (ED50 = 1.1 μg/mouse), while N-allyl[D- Pro10]Dyn A-(l-11) exhibited weak antinociceptive activity (ED50 = 27 μg/mouse). For the N,N-dialkyl derivatives the identity of the N-terminal alkyl group affected the efficacy observed in the smooth muscle assays. The N,N-diCPM analogue exhibited negligible agonist activity, and N,N-diallyl[D- Pro10]Dyn A-(l-11) showed weak antagonist activity against Dyn A-(1- 13)NH2 in the GPI. In contrast, the N,N-dibenzyl compound showed appreciable opioid agonist activity in this assay. In vivo the N,N-diallyl analogue exhibited weak antinociceptive activity (ED50 = 26 μg/mouse in the phenylquinone abdominal stretching assay). The N-monoalkylated peptides are among the most κ-selective opioid peptides reported to date, showing comparable or greater selectivity and higher affinity than the κ-selective nonpeptide agonists U-50,488 and U-69,593. The N,N-diCPM and N,N-diallyl peptides are lead compounds in the development of peptide-based κ-receptor antagonists.
AB - Several N-terminal di- and monoalkylated derivatives of [D- Pro10]dynorphin A-(1-11) were synthesized in order to explore the structure-activity relationships for antagonist vs agonist activity at κ- opioid receptors. N,N-Dialkylated and N-monoalkylated (alkyl = allyl, benzyl, and cyclopropylmethyl (CPM)) tyrosine derivatives were prepared from tyrosine tert-butyl ester and the corresponding alkyl halides. [D-Pro10]Dyn A-(2- 11) was prepared by solid phase synthesis using Fmoc-protected amino acids, and the tyrosine derivatives were coupled to the peptide with BOP ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate). Both the degree of substitution and the identity of the alkyl group affected κ-receptor affinity, selectivity, and efficacy. All of the N-monoalkylated derivatives exhibited much higher affinity (K(i) <0.05 nM) for κ receptors in the guinea pig cerebellum and greatly enhanced κ-receptor selectivity (K(i) ratio (κ/μ) > 200) compared to the N,N-dialkyl [D-Pro10]Dyn A-(1- 11) analogues, although one disubstituted analogue, N,N-diCPM[D-Pro10]Dyn A-(1-11), retained high affinity (K(i) = 0.19 nM) for κ receptors. Thus the introduction of the second alkyl group at the N-terminus lowered κ-receptor affinity and selectivity. The N-allyl and N-CPM analogues were moderately potent agonists in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay, while the N-benzyl derivative was a weak agonist in this assay. In vivo in the phenylqninone abdominal stretching assay the N-CPM analogue exhibited potent antinociceptive activity (ED50 = 1.1 μg/mouse), while N-allyl[D- Pro10]Dyn A-(l-11) exhibited weak antinociceptive activity (ED50 = 27 μg/mouse). For the N,N-dialkyl derivatives the identity of the N-terminal alkyl group affected the efficacy observed in the smooth muscle assays. The N,N-diCPM analogue exhibited negligible agonist activity, and N,N-diallyl[D- Pro10]Dyn A-(l-11) showed weak antagonist activity against Dyn A-(1- 13)NH2 in the GPI. In contrast, the N,N-dibenzyl compound showed appreciable opioid agonist activity in this assay. In vivo the N,N-diallyl analogue exhibited weak antinociceptive activity (ED50 = 26 μg/mouse in the phenylquinone abdominal stretching assay). The N-monoalkylated peptides are among the most κ-selective opioid peptides reported to date, showing comparable or greater selectivity and higher affinity than the κ-selective nonpeptide agonists U-50,488 and U-69,593. The N,N-diCPM and N,N-diallyl peptides are lead compounds in the development of peptide-based κ-receptor antagonists.
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U2 - 10.1021/jm960747t
DO - 10.1021/jm960747t
M3 - Article
C2 - 9276018
AN - SCOPUS:0030808338
VL - 40
SP - 2733
EP - 2739
JO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
SN - 0022-2623
IS - 17
ER -