Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune targeting of the pancreatic β cells, likely mediated by effector memory T (Tem) cells. CD2, a T cell surface protein highly expressed on Tem cells, is targeted by the fusion protein alefacept, depleting Tem cells and central memory T (Tcm) cells. We postulated that alefacept would arrest autoimmunity and preserve residual β cells in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The T1DAL study is a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 12-35 years who, within 100 days of diagnosis, were enrolled at 14 US sites. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive alefacept (two 12-week courses of 15 mg intramuscularly per week, separated by a 12-week pause) or a placebo. Randomisation was stratified by site, and was computer-generated with permuted blocks of three patients per block. All participants and site personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in mean 2 h C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints at 12 months were the change from baseline in the 4 h C-peptide AUC, insulin use, major hypoglycaemic events, and HbA1c concentrations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00965458. Findings: Of 73 patients assessed for eligibility, 33 were randomly assigned to receive alefacept and 16 to receive placebo. The mean 2 h C-peptide AUC at 12 months increased by 0·015 nmol/L (95% CI -0·080 to 0·110) in the alefacept group and decreased by 0·115 nmol/L (-0·278 to 0·047) in the placebo group, and the difference between groups was not significant (p=0·065). However, key secondary endpoints were met: the mean 4 h C-peptide AUC was significantly higher (mean increase of 0·015 nmol/L [95% CI -0·076 to 0·106] vs decrease of -0·156 nmol/L [-0·305 to -0·006]; p=0·019), and daily insulin use (0·48 units per kg per day for placebo vs 0·36 units per kg per day for alefacept; p=0·02) and the rate of hypoglycaemic events (mean of 10·9 events per person per year for alefacept vs 17·3 events for placebo; p1c concentrations at week 52 were not different between treatment groups (p=0·75). So far, no serious adverse events were reported and all patients had at least one adverse event. In the alefacept group, 29 (88%) participants had an adverse event related to study drug versus 15 (94%) participants in the placebo group. In the alefacept group, 14 (42%) participants had grade 3 or 4 adverse events compared with nine (56%) participants in the placebo group; no deaths occurred. Interpretation: Although the primary outcome was not met, at 12 months, alefacept preserved the 4 h C-peptide AUC, lowered insulin use, and reduced hypoglycaemic events, suggesting efficacy. Safety and tolerability were similar in the alefacept and placebo groups. Alefacept could be useful to preserve β-cell function in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 284-294 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2013 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Internal Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Medicine(all)
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Targeting of memory T cells with alefacept in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DAL study) : 12 month results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. / Rigby, Mark R.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Rendell, Marc S.; Felner, Eric I.; Dostou, Jean M.; Gitelman, Stephen E.; Patel, Chetanbabu M.; Griffin, Kurt J.; Tsalikian, Eva; Gottlieb, Peter A.; Greenbaum, Carla J.; Sherry, Nicole A.; Moore, Wayne V.; Monzavi, Roshanak; Willi, Steven M.; Raskin, Philip; Moran, Antoinette; Russell, William E.; Pinckney, Ashley; Keyes-Elstein, Lynette; Howell, Michael; Aggarwal, Sudeepta; Lim, Noha; Phippard, Deborah; Nepom, Gerald T.; McNamara, James; Ehlers, Mario R.
In: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013, p. 284-294.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Targeting of memory T cells with alefacept in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DAL study)
T2 - 12 month results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
AU - Rigby, Mark R.
AU - DiMeglio, Linda A.
AU - Rendell, Marc S.
AU - Felner, Eric I.
AU - Dostou, Jean M.
AU - Gitelman, Stephen E.
AU - Patel, Chetanbabu M.
AU - Griffin, Kurt J.
AU - Tsalikian, Eva
AU - Gottlieb, Peter A.
AU - Greenbaum, Carla J.
AU - Sherry, Nicole A.
AU - Moore, Wayne V.
AU - Monzavi, Roshanak
AU - Willi, Steven M.
AU - Raskin, Philip
AU - Moran, Antoinette
AU - Russell, William E.
AU - Pinckney, Ashley
AU - Keyes-Elstein, Lynette
AU - Howell, Michael
AU - Aggarwal, Sudeepta
AU - Lim, Noha
AU - Phippard, Deborah
AU - Nepom, Gerald T.
AU - McNamara, James
AU - Ehlers, Mario R.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Background: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune targeting of the pancreatic β cells, likely mediated by effector memory T (Tem) cells. CD2, a T cell surface protein highly expressed on Tem cells, is targeted by the fusion protein alefacept, depleting Tem cells and central memory T (Tcm) cells. We postulated that alefacept would arrest autoimmunity and preserve residual β cells in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The T1DAL study is a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 12-35 years who, within 100 days of diagnosis, were enrolled at 14 US sites. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive alefacept (two 12-week courses of 15 mg intramuscularly per week, separated by a 12-week pause) or a placebo. Randomisation was stratified by site, and was computer-generated with permuted blocks of three patients per block. All participants and site personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in mean 2 h C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints at 12 months were the change from baseline in the 4 h C-peptide AUC, insulin use, major hypoglycaemic events, and HbA1c concentrations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00965458. Findings: Of 73 patients assessed for eligibility, 33 were randomly assigned to receive alefacept and 16 to receive placebo. The mean 2 h C-peptide AUC at 12 months increased by 0·015 nmol/L (95% CI -0·080 to 0·110) in the alefacept group and decreased by 0·115 nmol/L (-0·278 to 0·047) in the placebo group, and the difference between groups was not significant (p=0·065). However, key secondary endpoints were met: the mean 4 h C-peptide AUC was significantly higher (mean increase of 0·015 nmol/L [95% CI -0·076 to 0·106] vs decrease of -0·156 nmol/L [-0·305 to -0·006]; p=0·019), and daily insulin use (0·48 units per kg per day for placebo vs 0·36 units per kg per day for alefacept; p=0·02) and the rate of hypoglycaemic events (mean of 10·9 events per person per year for alefacept vs 17·3 events for placebo; p1c concentrations at week 52 were not different between treatment groups (p=0·75). So far, no serious adverse events were reported and all patients had at least one adverse event. In the alefacept group, 29 (88%) participants had an adverse event related to study drug versus 15 (94%) participants in the placebo group. In the alefacept group, 14 (42%) participants had grade 3 or 4 adverse events compared with nine (56%) participants in the placebo group; no deaths occurred. Interpretation: Although the primary outcome was not met, at 12 months, alefacept preserved the 4 h C-peptide AUC, lowered insulin use, and reduced hypoglycaemic events, suggesting efficacy. Safety and tolerability were similar in the alefacept and placebo groups. Alefacept could be useful to preserve β-cell function in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
AB - Background: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune targeting of the pancreatic β cells, likely mediated by effector memory T (Tem) cells. CD2, a T cell surface protein highly expressed on Tem cells, is targeted by the fusion protein alefacept, depleting Tem cells and central memory T (Tcm) cells. We postulated that alefacept would arrest autoimmunity and preserve residual β cells in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The T1DAL study is a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 12-35 years who, within 100 days of diagnosis, were enrolled at 14 US sites. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive alefacept (two 12-week courses of 15 mg intramuscularly per week, separated by a 12-week pause) or a placebo. Randomisation was stratified by site, and was computer-generated with permuted blocks of three patients per block. All participants and site personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in mean 2 h C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints at 12 months were the change from baseline in the 4 h C-peptide AUC, insulin use, major hypoglycaemic events, and HbA1c concentrations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00965458. Findings: Of 73 patients assessed for eligibility, 33 were randomly assigned to receive alefacept and 16 to receive placebo. The mean 2 h C-peptide AUC at 12 months increased by 0·015 nmol/L (95% CI -0·080 to 0·110) in the alefacept group and decreased by 0·115 nmol/L (-0·278 to 0·047) in the placebo group, and the difference between groups was not significant (p=0·065). However, key secondary endpoints were met: the mean 4 h C-peptide AUC was significantly higher (mean increase of 0·015 nmol/L [95% CI -0·076 to 0·106] vs decrease of -0·156 nmol/L [-0·305 to -0·006]; p=0·019), and daily insulin use (0·48 units per kg per day for placebo vs 0·36 units per kg per day for alefacept; p=0·02) and the rate of hypoglycaemic events (mean of 10·9 events per person per year for alefacept vs 17·3 events for placebo; p1c concentrations at week 52 were not different between treatment groups (p=0·75). So far, no serious adverse events were reported and all patients had at least one adverse event. In the alefacept group, 29 (88%) participants had an adverse event related to study drug versus 15 (94%) participants in the placebo group. In the alefacept group, 14 (42%) participants had grade 3 or 4 adverse events compared with nine (56%) participants in the placebo group; no deaths occurred. Interpretation: Although the primary outcome was not met, at 12 months, alefacept preserved the 4 h C-peptide AUC, lowered insulin use, and reduced hypoglycaemic events, suggesting efficacy. Safety and tolerability were similar in the alefacept and placebo groups. Alefacept could be useful to preserve β-cell function in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
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U2 - 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70111-6
DO - 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70111-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 24622414
AN - SCOPUS:84887621720
VL - 1
SP - 284
EP - 294
JO - The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF - The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology
SN - 2213-8587
IS - 4
ER -