Abstract
T-helper type 2 (TH2) cells are one of the hallmarks of airway remodeling. The daunting task of regaining tolerance will be to regulate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and remodeling in chronic asthma by balancing the ballet of TH1 and TH2 cells. The mechanism of tolerance appears to be modulated by a specialized subset of T cells called regulatory T cells (Tregs). Currently there are six subtypes of Tregs including CD4 +CD25+ naturally occurring (N-Tregs), inducible näve CD4+CD25- T cells (TR1), TR1 memory phenotype, T-helper type 3 (TH3), CD4-CD25+DX5+ natural killer T cells (TRNKT), and CD4-CD25+CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (TRCTC). The development of Tregs is controversial as to whether they occur in the thymus or peripheral lymphoid tissue. Studies have shown that NTregs are generated in the thymus and T R1 cells occur in the periphery. Nevertheless, Tregs express an arsenal of molecular membrane markers: CD3, CD25, CD62L, CD69, BTLA, GITR, ICOS, Neuroplin- 1 (Nrp-1), and PD-1. However, the most definitive marker is Forkhead Winged-Helix Transcriptional Factor Box p3 (Foxp3). The suppression of N-Tregs occurs by cell-to-cell contact, and low levels of IL-10 and moderate levels of TGF-β, but the primary mechanism involves the sequestration and activation of neighboring näve CD4+CD25- T cells to become TR1 cells. In contrast, TR1 cells exert their suppressive properties by copious secretion of IL-10 and TGF- β. These suppressive mechanisms occur by the inhibition of IL-2 production and the promotion of cell cycle arrest. The development of this specialized subset of T cells is an enigma, but their understanding will provide a plausible panacea for asthma.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 219-231 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Immunologic Research |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 2006 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Immunology
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TH2 cells in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling : Regulatory T cells a plausible panacea for asthma. / McGee, Halvor S.; Agrawal, Devendra K.
In: Immunologic Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 07.2006, p. 219-231.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - TH2 cells in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling
T2 - Regulatory T cells a plausible panacea for asthma
AU - McGee, Halvor S.
AU - Agrawal, Devendra K.
PY - 2006/7
Y1 - 2006/7
N2 - T-helper type 2 (TH2) cells are one of the hallmarks of airway remodeling. The daunting task of regaining tolerance will be to regulate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and remodeling in chronic asthma by balancing the ballet of TH1 and TH2 cells. The mechanism of tolerance appears to be modulated by a specialized subset of T cells called regulatory T cells (Tregs). Currently there are six subtypes of Tregs including CD4 +CD25+ naturally occurring (N-Tregs), inducible näve CD4+CD25- T cells (TR1), TR1 memory phenotype, T-helper type 3 (TH3), CD4-CD25+DX5+ natural killer T cells (TRNKT), and CD4-CD25+CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (TRCTC). The development of Tregs is controversial as to whether they occur in the thymus or peripheral lymphoid tissue. Studies have shown that NTregs are generated in the thymus and T R1 cells occur in the periphery. Nevertheless, Tregs express an arsenal of molecular membrane markers: CD3, CD25, CD62L, CD69, BTLA, GITR, ICOS, Neuroplin- 1 (Nrp-1), and PD-1. However, the most definitive marker is Forkhead Winged-Helix Transcriptional Factor Box p3 (Foxp3). The suppression of N-Tregs occurs by cell-to-cell contact, and low levels of IL-10 and moderate levels of TGF-β, but the primary mechanism involves the sequestration and activation of neighboring näve CD4+CD25- T cells to become TR1 cells. In contrast, TR1 cells exert their suppressive properties by copious secretion of IL-10 and TGF- β. These suppressive mechanisms occur by the inhibition of IL-2 production and the promotion of cell cycle arrest. The development of this specialized subset of T cells is an enigma, but their understanding will provide a plausible panacea for asthma.
AB - T-helper type 2 (TH2) cells are one of the hallmarks of airway remodeling. The daunting task of regaining tolerance will be to regulate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and remodeling in chronic asthma by balancing the ballet of TH1 and TH2 cells. The mechanism of tolerance appears to be modulated by a specialized subset of T cells called regulatory T cells (Tregs). Currently there are six subtypes of Tregs including CD4 +CD25+ naturally occurring (N-Tregs), inducible näve CD4+CD25- T cells (TR1), TR1 memory phenotype, T-helper type 3 (TH3), CD4-CD25+DX5+ natural killer T cells (TRNKT), and CD4-CD25+CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (TRCTC). The development of Tregs is controversial as to whether they occur in the thymus or peripheral lymphoid tissue. Studies have shown that NTregs are generated in the thymus and T R1 cells occur in the periphery. Nevertheless, Tregs express an arsenal of molecular membrane markers: CD3, CD25, CD62L, CD69, BTLA, GITR, ICOS, Neuroplin- 1 (Nrp-1), and PD-1. However, the most definitive marker is Forkhead Winged-Helix Transcriptional Factor Box p3 (Foxp3). The suppression of N-Tregs occurs by cell-to-cell contact, and low levels of IL-10 and moderate levels of TGF-β, but the primary mechanism involves the sequestration and activation of neighboring näve CD4+CD25- T cells to become TR1 cells. In contrast, TR1 cells exert their suppressive properties by copious secretion of IL-10 and TGF- β. These suppressive mechanisms occur by the inhibition of IL-2 production and the promotion of cell cycle arrest. The development of this specialized subset of T cells is an enigma, but their understanding will provide a plausible panacea for asthma.
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U2 - 10.1385/IR:35:3:219
DO - 10.1385/IR:35:3:219
M3 - Review article
VL - 35
SP - 219
EP - 231
JO - Immunologic Research
JF - Immunologic Research
SN - 0257-277X
IS - 3
ER -