Abstract
Context: Low bone mass may increase risk of fracture. Several chronic medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors affect bone mineral accrual. Appropriate reference values are essential for identification of children with bone deficits. Objective: Our objective was to establish reference curves for bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children. Design and Setting: The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study is an ongoing longitudinal study in which measurements are obtained annually at five clinical centers in the United States. Participants: Participants included 1554 healthy children (761 male, 793 female), ages 6-16 yr, of all ethnicities. Main Outcome Measures: Scans of the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and forearm were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Percentile curves based on three annual measurements were generated using the LMS statistical procedure. Results: BMC of the whole body and lumbar spine and BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and forearm are given for specific percentiles by sex, age, and race (Black vs. non-Black).BMC and BMD were higher for Blacks at all skeletal sites (P <0.0001). BMC and BMD increased with age, and a plateau was not evident by age 16 (girls) or age 17 (boys). The variation in BMC and BMD also increased with age. Conclusions: Age-, race-, and sex-specific reference curves can be used to help identify children with bone deficits and for monitoring changes in bone in response to chronic diseases or therapies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2087-2099 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| Volume | 92 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 2007 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Biochemistry
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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The bone mineral density in childhood study : Bone mineral content and density according to age, sex, and race. / Kalkwarf, Heidi J.; Zemel, Babette S.; Gilsanz, Vicente; Lappe, Joan M.; Horlick, Mary; Oberfield, Sharon; Mahboubi, Soroosh; Fan, Bo; Frederick, Margaret M.; Winer, Karen; Shepherd, John A.
In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 92, No. 6, 06.2007, p. 2087-2099.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The bone mineral density in childhood study
T2 - Bone mineral content and density according to age, sex, and race
AU - Kalkwarf, Heidi J.
AU - Zemel, Babette S.
AU - Gilsanz, Vicente
AU - Lappe, Joan M.
AU - Horlick, Mary
AU - Oberfield, Sharon
AU - Mahboubi, Soroosh
AU - Fan, Bo
AU - Frederick, Margaret M.
AU - Winer, Karen
AU - Shepherd, John A.
PY - 2007/6
Y1 - 2007/6
N2 - Context: Low bone mass may increase risk of fracture. Several chronic medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors affect bone mineral accrual. Appropriate reference values are essential for identification of children with bone deficits. Objective: Our objective was to establish reference curves for bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children. Design and Setting: The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study is an ongoing longitudinal study in which measurements are obtained annually at five clinical centers in the United States. Participants: Participants included 1554 healthy children (761 male, 793 female), ages 6-16 yr, of all ethnicities. Main Outcome Measures: Scans of the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and forearm were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Percentile curves based on three annual measurements were generated using the LMS statistical procedure. Results: BMC of the whole body and lumbar spine and BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and forearm are given for specific percentiles by sex, age, and race (Black vs. non-Black).BMC and BMD were higher for Blacks at all skeletal sites (P <0.0001). BMC and BMD increased with age, and a plateau was not evident by age 16 (girls) or age 17 (boys). The variation in BMC and BMD also increased with age. Conclusions: Age-, race-, and sex-specific reference curves can be used to help identify children with bone deficits and for monitoring changes in bone in response to chronic diseases or therapies.
AB - Context: Low bone mass may increase risk of fracture. Several chronic medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors affect bone mineral accrual. Appropriate reference values are essential for identification of children with bone deficits. Objective: Our objective was to establish reference curves for bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children. Design and Setting: The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study is an ongoing longitudinal study in which measurements are obtained annually at five clinical centers in the United States. Participants: Participants included 1554 healthy children (761 male, 793 female), ages 6-16 yr, of all ethnicities. Main Outcome Measures: Scans of the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and forearm were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Percentile curves based on three annual measurements were generated using the LMS statistical procedure. Results: BMC of the whole body and lumbar spine and BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and forearm are given for specific percentiles by sex, age, and race (Black vs. non-Black).BMC and BMD were higher for Blacks at all skeletal sites (P <0.0001). BMC and BMD increased with age, and a plateau was not evident by age 16 (girls) or age 17 (boys). The variation in BMC and BMD also increased with age. Conclusions: Age-, race-, and sex-specific reference curves can be used to help identify children with bone deficits and for monitoring changes in bone in response to chronic diseases or therapies.
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U2 - 10.1210/jc.2006-2553
DO - 10.1210/jc.2006-2553
M3 - Article
VL - 92
SP - 2087
EP - 2099
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 6
ER -