TY - JOUR
T1 - The relationship between rumination, PTSD, and depression symptoms
AU - Roley, Michelle E.
AU - Claycomb, Meredith A.
AU - Contractor, Ateka A.
AU - Dranger, Paula
AU - Armour, Cherie
AU - Elhai, Jon D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We wish to draw the Editor׳s attention to the following facts which may be considered as potential conflicts of interest and to financial contributions to this work. One coauthor, Jon Elhai, received financial support in the form of personal fees from Elsevier Foundation , WILEY , Other (occasional fees as an expert witness in court), and the Menninger Clinic. He also received financial support in the form of a Grant from DoD (W81XHW-07-1-0409) and NIH (1R21MH098198-01A1) accounting for 5% of his salary. No other co-authors have potential conflicts of interest to disclose and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/7/15
Y1 - 2015/7/15
N2 - Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly comorbid (Elhai et al.; 2008. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 69, (4), 597-602). Rumination is a cognitive mechanism found to exacerbate and maintain both PTSD and MDD (Elwood et al.; 2009. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 29, (1), 87-100; Olatunji et al.; 2013. Clin. Psychol.: Sci. Pract. 20, (3), 225-257). Aims Assess whether four rumination subtypes moderate the relationship between comorbid PTSD and MDD symptoms. Method We consecutively sampled patients (N=45) presenting to a mental health clinic using self-report measures of PTSD and MDD symptoms, and rumination in a cross-sectional design. Results Repetitive rumination moderates the relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms at one standard deviation above the mean (β=.044, p=.016), while anticipatory rumination moderates the relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms at mean levels and higher levels of anticipatory rumination (mean β=.030, p=.042; higher β=.060, p=.008). Discussion Repetitive and anticipatory rumination should be assessed in the context of comorbid PTSD and MDD and interventions should focus on reducing these rumination subtypes. Limitations Results should be replicated with other trauma populations because the number and complexity of traumatic events may impact the assessed symptoms. Constructs should also be assessed longitudinally, in order to establish causality. We are unable to confirm why rumination styles moderated the relationship between PTSD and depression or why counterfactual thinking and problem-focused thinking did not moderate the relationship between the two constructs.
AB - Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly comorbid (Elhai et al.; 2008. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 69, (4), 597-602). Rumination is a cognitive mechanism found to exacerbate and maintain both PTSD and MDD (Elwood et al.; 2009. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 29, (1), 87-100; Olatunji et al.; 2013. Clin. Psychol.: Sci. Pract. 20, (3), 225-257). Aims Assess whether four rumination subtypes moderate the relationship between comorbid PTSD and MDD symptoms. Method We consecutively sampled patients (N=45) presenting to a mental health clinic using self-report measures of PTSD and MDD symptoms, and rumination in a cross-sectional design. Results Repetitive rumination moderates the relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms at one standard deviation above the mean (β=.044, p=.016), while anticipatory rumination moderates the relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms at mean levels and higher levels of anticipatory rumination (mean β=.030, p=.042; higher β=.060, p=.008). Discussion Repetitive and anticipatory rumination should be assessed in the context of comorbid PTSD and MDD and interventions should focus on reducing these rumination subtypes. Limitations Results should be replicated with other trauma populations because the number and complexity of traumatic events may impact the assessed symptoms. Constructs should also be assessed longitudinally, in order to establish causality. We are unable to confirm why rumination styles moderated the relationship between PTSD and depression or why counterfactual thinking and problem-focused thinking did not moderate the relationship between the two constructs.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 25898331
AN - SCOPUS:84927933450
VL - 180
SP - 116
EP - 121
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -