TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrasmall Mixed Eu-Gd Oxide Nanoparticles for Multimodal Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Passive Accumulation and Retention in TBI
AU - Bony, Badrul Alam
AU - Miller, Hunter A.
AU - Tarudji, Aria W.
AU - Gee, Connor C.
AU - Sarella, Anandakumar
AU - Nichols, Michael G.
AU - Kievit, Forrest M.
N1 - Funding Information:
F.M.K. acknowledges support from an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (P20GM103480), grant funding from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (R01NS109488), and the Nebraska Settlement Biomedical Research Development Funds. Part of this research was conducted at the Integrative Biological Imaging Facility at Creighton University, Omaha, NE. This facility, supported by the C.U. Medical School, was constructed with support from grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016469) and the National Institute for General Medical Science (NIGMS) (8P20GM103427), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This investigation is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIGMS, NINDS, or NIH. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under the grant no. DGE-1610400 to H.A.M. We thank Brandon McDonald for his assistance in surgeries to generate CCI mice.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Chemical Society.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/7/7
Y1 - 2020/7/7
N2 - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. However, there remains no approved treatment that improves outcomes following TBI, which is partially due to poor delivery of therapies into the brain. Therefore, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies that increase the accumulation and retention of potentially efficacious treatments in the injured brain. Recent work has revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) may offer a promising approach for site-specific delivery; however, a detailed understanding of the specific NP properties that promote brain accumulation and retention are still being developed. Multimodal imaging plays a vital role in the understanding of physicochemical properties that initiate the uptake and accumulation of NPs in the brain at both high spatial (e.g., fluorescence imaging) and temporal (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) frequency. However, many NP systems that are currently used in TBI only provide contrast in a single imaging modality limiting the imaging data that can be obtained, and those that offer multimodal imaging capabilities have complicated multistep synthesis methods. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop an ultrasmall NP with simple fabrication capable of multimodal imaging. Here, we describe the development, characterization, accumulation, and retention of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated europium-gadolinium (Eu-Gd) mixed magnetic NPs (MNPs) in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. We find that these NPs having an ultrasmall core size of 2 nm and a small hydrodynamic size of 13.5 nm can be detected in both fluorescence and MR imaging modalities and rapidly accumulate and are retained in injured brain parenchyma. These NPs should allow for further testing of NP physicochemical properties that promote accumulation and retention in TBI and other disease models.
AB - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. However, there remains no approved treatment that improves outcomes following TBI, which is partially due to poor delivery of therapies into the brain. Therefore, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies that increase the accumulation and retention of potentially efficacious treatments in the injured brain. Recent work has revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) may offer a promising approach for site-specific delivery; however, a detailed understanding of the specific NP properties that promote brain accumulation and retention are still being developed. Multimodal imaging plays a vital role in the understanding of physicochemical properties that initiate the uptake and accumulation of NPs in the brain at both high spatial (e.g., fluorescence imaging) and temporal (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) frequency. However, many NP systems that are currently used in TBI only provide contrast in a single imaging modality limiting the imaging data that can be obtained, and those that offer multimodal imaging capabilities have complicated multistep synthesis methods. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop an ultrasmall NP with simple fabrication capable of multimodal imaging. Here, we describe the development, characterization, accumulation, and retention of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated europium-gadolinium (Eu-Gd) mixed magnetic NPs (MNPs) in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. We find that these NPs having an ultrasmall core size of 2 nm and a small hydrodynamic size of 13.5 nm can be detected in both fluorescence and MR imaging modalities and rapidly accumulate and are retained in injured brain parenchyma. These NPs should allow for further testing of NP physicochemical properties that promote accumulation and retention in TBI and other disease models.
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U2 - 10.1021/acsomega.0c01890
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.0c01890
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85087572312
VL - 5
SP - 16220
EP - 16227
JO - ACS Omega
JF - ACS Omega
SN - 2470-1343
IS - 26
ER -