TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
T2 - Association with seasonal and geographical variation, supplementation, inattention severity, and theta:beta ratio
AU - Miller, Melissa C.
AU - Pan, Xueliang
AU - Eugene Arnold, L.
AU - Mulligan, Arielle
AU - Connor, Shea
AU - Bergman, Rachel
AU - deBeus, Roger
AU - Roley-Roberts, Michelle E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Arnold has received research funding from Supernus Pharmaceuticals (USA), Roche/Genentech Phanaceuticals (Switzerland), Otsuka Pharmaceuticals (Japan), and YoungLiving Essential Oils (USA) and National Institute of Health (USA, R01 MH 100144), has consulted with Pfizer Parmaceuticals (USA), and been on advisory boards for Otsuka (Japan) and Roche/Genentech (Switzerland). Dr. deBeus has received research funding from the National Institute of Health (USA, R01MH100144); he is on the Board of Directors for the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research (USA) and has a clinic NC (USA) where he performs neurofeedback among other clinical services. Dr. Roley-Roberts has received research funding from American Psychological Foundation (USA), Foundation for Education and Research in Biofeedback and Related Sciences (USA), Foundation for Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation Research (USA), National Institute of Mental Health (USA), and National Institute of Health (USA).
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grant #R01-MH100144 , by Ohio State University College of Medicine Endowment , and by a Clinical and Translational Science award 8UL18TR000090-05 from the National Center for Translational Sciences .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - We examined seasonal and geographic effects on vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity, and effects of supplementation in 222 children age 7–10 with rigorously diagnosed ADHD. 25(OH)D insufficiency rates were 47.2 % in Ohio and 28.5 % 400 miles south in North Carolina. Nadir of 25(OH)D levels was reached by November in Ohio, not until January in NC. Thirty-eight children with insufficiency/deficiency took vitamin D (1000–2000 IU/day for a month); levels rose 52 %. Although inattention did not correlate with 25(OH)D at screen nor improve significantly with supplementation, inattention improvement after supplementation correlated with 25(OH)D increase (rho = 0.41, p = 0.012). A clinically significant proportion of children with ADHD have insufficient 25(OH)D even at summer's end, more so in the winter and north of the 37th parallel. The significant correlation of inattention improvement with 25(OH)D increase suggests further research on 25(OH)D as ADHD treatment.
AB - We examined seasonal and geographic effects on vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity, and effects of supplementation in 222 children age 7–10 with rigorously diagnosed ADHD. 25(OH)D insufficiency rates were 47.2 % in Ohio and 28.5 % 400 miles south in North Carolina. Nadir of 25(OH)D levels was reached by November in Ohio, not until January in NC. Thirty-eight children with insufficiency/deficiency took vitamin D (1000–2000 IU/day for a month); levels rose 52 %. Although inattention did not correlate with 25(OH)D at screen nor improve significantly with supplementation, inattention improvement after supplementation correlated with 25(OH)D increase (rho = 0.41, p = 0.012). A clinically significant proportion of children with ADHD have insufficient 25(OH)D even at summer's end, more so in the winter and north of the 37th parallel. The significant correlation of inattention improvement with 25(OH)D increase suggests further research on 25(OH)D as ADHD treatment.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108099
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108099
M3 - Article
C2 - 33915215
AN - SCOPUS:85104911569
VL - 162
JO - Biological Psychology
JF - Biological Psychology
SN - 0019-493X
M1 - 108099
ER -