TY - JOUR
T1 - Water Immersion Affects Episodic Memory and Postural Control in Healthy Older Adults
AU - Bressel, Eadric
AU - Louder, Talin J.
AU - Raikes, Adam C.
AU - Alphonsa, Sushma
AU - Kyvelidou, Anastasia
N1 - Funding Information:
1Biomechanics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan. 2Sport Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. 3Biomechanics Laboratory, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion. 4Social, Cognitive, Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 5Physical Therapy Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska. This research is partially funded by a grant from the National Swimming Pool Foundation. The sponsor had no involvement in any aspect of the study. That is, the sponsor played no role in deciding the research question, methods, analysis, or interpretation of the data. This article reflects work presented at the 2016 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting. The authors declare no conflicts of interest . Address correspondence to: Eadric Bressel, PhD, KHS Department, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 ( eadric.bressel@usu.edu ). Kerstin Palumbaro was the Decision Editor Copyright © 2018 The Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy, APTA
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy, APTA. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
PY - 2019/10/1
Y1 - 2019/10/1
N2 - Background and Purpose: Previous research has reported that younger adults make fewer cognitive errors on an auditory vigilance task while in chest-deep water compared with on land. The purpose of this study was to extend this previous work to include older adults and to examine the effect of environment (water vs land) on linear and nonlinear measures of postural control under single- and dual-task conditions. Methods: Twenty-one older adult participants (age = 71.6 ± 8.34 years) performed a cognitive (auditory vigilance) and motor (standing balance) task separately and simultaneously on land and in chest-deep water. Listening errors (n = count) from the auditory vigilance test and sample entropy (SampEn), center of pressure area, and velocity for the balance test served as dependent measures. Environment (land vs water) and task (single vs dual) comparisons were made with a Wilcoxon matched-pair test. Results: Listening errors were 111% greater during land than during water environments (single-task = 4.0 ± 3.5 vs 1.9 ± 1.7; P =.03). Conversely, SampEn values were 100% greater during water than during land environments (single-task = 0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.02 ± 0.01; P <.001). Center of pressure area and velocity followed a similar trend to SampEn with respect to environment differences, and none of the measures were different between single- and dual-task conditions (P >.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study expand current support for the potential use of partial aquatic immersion as a viable method for challenging both cognitive and motor abilities in older adults.
AB - Background and Purpose: Previous research has reported that younger adults make fewer cognitive errors on an auditory vigilance task while in chest-deep water compared with on land. The purpose of this study was to extend this previous work to include older adults and to examine the effect of environment (water vs land) on linear and nonlinear measures of postural control under single- and dual-task conditions. Methods: Twenty-one older adult participants (age = 71.6 ± 8.34 years) performed a cognitive (auditory vigilance) and motor (standing balance) task separately and simultaneously on land and in chest-deep water. Listening errors (n = count) from the auditory vigilance test and sample entropy (SampEn), center of pressure area, and velocity for the balance test served as dependent measures. Environment (land vs water) and task (single vs dual) comparisons were made with a Wilcoxon matched-pair test. Results: Listening errors were 111% greater during land than during water environments (single-task = 4.0 ± 3.5 vs 1.9 ± 1.7; P =.03). Conversely, SampEn values were 100% greater during water than during land environments (single-task = 0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.02 ± 0.01; P <.001). Center of pressure area and velocity followed a similar trend to SampEn with respect to environment differences, and none of the measures were different between single- and dual-task conditions (P >.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study expand current support for the potential use of partial aquatic immersion as a viable method for challenging both cognitive and motor abilities in older adults.
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U2 - 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000192
DO - 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000192
M3 - Article
C2 - 29738406
AN - SCOPUS:85072946194
VL - 42
SP - E1-E6
JO - Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy
JF - Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy
SN - 1539-8412
IS - 4
ER -